Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Insights And Forecast To 2028

1 Study Coverage
1.1 Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Introduction
1.2 Market by Type
1.2.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.2.2 Handheld Instruments
1.2.3 Guiding Device
1.2.4 Inflation Systems
1.2.5 Auxiliary Instruments
1.2.6 Cutter Instruments
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.3.2 Heart Valve Surgery
1.3.3 Heart Artery Bypass
1.3.4 Cardiac Ablation
1.3.5 Ventricular Septal Defect
1.3.6 Atrial Septal Defect
1.3.7 Other
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
2 Executive Summary
2.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2017-2028
2.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2017-2028
2.3 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
2.4 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Region
2.4.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Region (2017-2022)
2.4.2 Global Sales Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments by Region (2023-2028)
2.5 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Region
2.5.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Region (2017-2022)
2.5.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Region (2023-2028)
2.6 North America
2.7 Europe
2.8 Asia-Pacific
2.9 Latin America
2.10 Middle East & Africa
3 Competition by Manufacturers
3.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Global Top Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Manufacturers by Sales (2017-2022)
3.1.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
3.1.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers of Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments in 2021
3.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
3.2.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
3.2.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue in 2021
3.3 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Price by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
3.4 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
3.4.1 Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.4.3 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Manufacturers Geographical Distribution
3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type
4.1.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Historical Sales by Type (2017-2022)
4.1.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Forecasted Sales by Type (2023-2028)
4.1.3 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
4.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type
4.2.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Historical Revenue by Type (2017-2022)
4.2.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Forecasted Revenue by Type (2023-2028)
4.2.3 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
4.3 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Price by Type
4.3.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Price by Type (2017-2022)
4.3.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application
5.1.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Historical Sales by Application (2017-2022)
5.1.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Forecasted Sales by Application (2023-2028)
5.1.3 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
5.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application
5.2.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Historical Revenue by Application (2017-2022)
5.2.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Forecasted Revenue by Application (2023-2028)
5.2.3 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
5.3 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Price by Application
5.3.1 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Price by Application (2017-2022)
5.3.2 Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
6 North America
6.1 North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Type
6.1.1 North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2017-2028)
6.1.2 North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
6.2 North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Application
6.2.1 North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2017-2028)
6.2.2 North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Country
6.3.1 North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Country (2017-2028)
6.3.2 North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
6.3.3 U.S.
6.3.4 Canada
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Type
7.1.1 Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.1.2 Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Application
7.2.1 Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.2.2 Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Country
7.3.1 Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 Germany
7.3.4 France
7.3.5 U.K.
7.3.6 Italy
7.3.7 Russia
8 Asia Pacific
8.1 Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Type
8.1.1 Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.1.2 Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Application
8.2.1 Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.2.2 Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Region
8.3.1 Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Region (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
8.3.3 China
8.3.4 Japan
8.3.5 South Korea
8.3.6 India
8.3.7 Australia
8.3.8 China Taiwan
8.3.9 Indonesia
8.3.10 Thailand
8.3.11 Malaysia
9 Latin America
9.1 Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Type
9.1.1 Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.1.2 Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Application
9.2.1 Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.2.2 Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Country
9.3.1 Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Country (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
9.3.3 Mexico
9.3.4 Brazil
9.3.5 Argentina
10 Middle East and Africa
10.1 Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Type
10.1.1 Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.1.2 Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Application
10.2.1 Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.2.2 Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size by Country
10.3.1 Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Turkey
10.3.4 Saudi Arabia
11 Company Profiles
11.1 Medtronic
11.1.1 Medtronic Corporation Information
11.1.2 Medtronic Overview
11.1.3 Medtronic Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
11.1.4 Medtronic Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
11.1.5 Medtronic Recent Developments
11.2 Aesculap
11.2.1 Aesculap Corporation Information
11.2.2 Aesculap Overview
11.2.3 Aesculap Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
11.2.4 Aesculap Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
11.2.5 Aesculap Recent Developments
11.3 Stryker Corporation
11.3.1 Stryker Corporation Corporation Information
11.3.2 Stryker Corporation Overview
11.3.3 Stryker Corporation Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
11.3.4 Stryker Corporation Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
11.3.5 Stryker Corporation Recent Developments
11.4 Smith & Nephew
11.4.1 Smith & Nephew Corporation Information
11.4.2 Smith & Nephew Overview
11.4.3 Smith & Nephew Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
11.4.4 Smith & Nephew Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
11.4.5 Smith & Nephew Recent Developments
11.5 Ethicon
11.5.1 Ethicon Corporation Information
11.5.2 Ethicon Overview
11.5.3 Ethicon Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
11.5.4 Ethicon Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
11.5.5 Ethicon Recent Developments
11.6 Conmed Corporation
11.6.1 Conmed Corporation Corporation Information
11.6.2 Conmed Corporation Overview
11.6.3 Conmed Corporation Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
11.6.4 Conmed Corporation Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
11.6.5 Conmed Corporation Recent Developments
11.7 Zimmer Holdings
11.7.1 Zimmer Holdings Corporation Information
11.7.2 Zimmer Holdings Overview
11.7.3 Zimmer Holdings Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
11.7.4 Zimmer Holdings Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
11.7.5 Zimmer Holdings Recent Developments
11.8 MI
11.8.1 MI Corporation Information
11.8.2 MI Overview
11.8.3 MI Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
11.8.4 MI Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
11.8.5 MI Recent Developments
11.9 KARL STORZ
11.9.1 KARL STORZ Corporation Information
11.9.2 KARL STORZ Overview
11.9.3 KARL STORZ Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
11.9.4 KARL STORZ Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
11.9.5 KARL STORZ Recent Developments
11.10 Genesee BioMedical
11.10.1 Genesee BioMedical Corporation Information
11.10.2 Genesee BioMedical Overview
11.10.3 Genesee BioMedical Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
11.10.4 Genesee BioMedical Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
11.10.5 Genesee BioMedical Recent Developments
12 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
12.1 Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Industry Chain Analysis
12.2 Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Key Raw Materials
12.2.1 Key Raw Materials
12.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
12.3 Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Production Mode & Process
12.4 Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales and Marketing
12.4.1 Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Channels
12.4.2 Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Distributors
12.5 Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Customers
13 Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Risks Factors Analysis
13.1 Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Industry Trends
13.2 Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Drivers
13.3 Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Challenges
13.4 Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Restraints
14 Key Findings in The Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Study
15 Appendix
15.1 Research Methodology
15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.2 Data Source
15.2 Author Details
15.3 Disclaimer

List of Tables
Table 1. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Major Manufacturers of Handheld Instruments
Table 3. Major Manufacturers of Guiding Device
Table 4. Major Manufacturers of Inflation Systems
Table 5. Major Manufacturers of Auxiliary Instruments
Table 6. Major Manufacturers of Cutter Instruments
Table 7. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 8. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 9. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 10. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 11. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 12. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Table 13. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 14. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 15. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Table 17. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 18. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 19. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 20. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 21. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Price by Manufacturers (2017-2022) &(USD/Unit)
Table 22. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 23. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments as of 2021)
Table 24. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 25. Manufacturers Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Offered
Table 26. Date of Manufacturers Enter into Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market
Table 27. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 28. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 31. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Share by Type (2023-2028)
Table 32. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 33. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 35. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Share by Type (2023-2028)
Table 36. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Price by Type (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 37. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Table 38. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 39. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 40. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 41. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Share by Application (2023-2028)
Table 42. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 43. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 44. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 45. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Share by Application (2023-2028)
Table 46. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Price by Application (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 47. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Table 48. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 49. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 50. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 51. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 52. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 53. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 54. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 55. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 56. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 57. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 58. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 59. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 60. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 61. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 62. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 63. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 64. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 65. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 66. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 67. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 68. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 69. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 70. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 71. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 72. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 73. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 74. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 75. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 76. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 77. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 78. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 79. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 80. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 81. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 82. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 83. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 84. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 85. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 86. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 87. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 88. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 89. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 90. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 91. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 92. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 93. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 94. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 95. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 96. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 97. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 98. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 99. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 100. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 101. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 102. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 103. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 104. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 105. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 106. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 107. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 108. Medtronic Corporation Information
Table 109. Medtronic Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. Medtronic Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 111. Medtronic Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 112. Medtronic Recent Developments
Table 113. Aesculap Corporation Information
Table 114. Aesculap Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. Aesculap Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 116. Aesculap Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 117. Aesculap Recent Developments
Table 118. Stryker Corporation Corporation Information
Table 119. Stryker Corporation Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. Stryker Corporation Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 121. Stryker Corporation Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 122. Stryker Corporation Recent Developments
Table 123. Smith & Nephew Corporation Information
Table 124. Smith & Nephew Description and Major Businesses
Table 125. Smith & Nephew Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 126. Smith & Nephew Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 127. Smith & Nephew Recent Developments
Table 128. Ethicon Corporation Information
Table 129. Ethicon Description and Major Businesses
Table 130. Ethicon Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 131. Ethicon Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 132. Ethicon Recent Developments
Table 133. Conmed Corporation Corporation Information
Table 134. Conmed Corporation Description and Major Businesses
Table 135. Conmed Corporation Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 136. Conmed Corporation Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 137. Conmed Corporation Recent Developments
Table 138. Zimmer Holdings Corporation Information
Table 139. Zimmer Holdings Description and Major Businesses
Table 140. Zimmer Holdings Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 141. Zimmer Holdings Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 142. Zimmer Holdings Recent Developments
Table 143. MI Corporation Information
Table 144. MI Description and Major Businesses
Table 145. MI Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 146. MI Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 147. MI Recent Developments
Table 148. KARL STORZ Corporation Information
Table 149. KARL STORZ Description and Major Businesses
Table 150. KARL STORZ Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 151. KARL STORZ Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 152. KARL STORZ Recent Developments
Table 153. Genesee BioMedical Corporation Information
Table 154. Genesee BioMedical Description and Major Businesses
Table 155. Genesee BioMedical Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 156. Genesee BioMedical Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 157. Genesee BioMedical Recent Developments
Table 158. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 159. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 160. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Distributors List
Table 161. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Customers List
Table 162. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Trends
Table 163. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Drivers
Table 164. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Challenges
Table 165. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Restraints
Table 166. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 167. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 168. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Product Picture
Figure 3. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Share by Type in 2021 & 2028
Figure 3. Handheld Instruments Product Picture
Figure 4. Guiding Device Product Picture
Figure 5. Inflation Systems Product Picture
Figure 6. Auxiliary Instruments Product Picture
Figure 7. Cutter Instruments Product Picture
Figure 8. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Share by Application in 2021 & 2028
Figure 9. Heart Valve Surgery
Figure 10. Heart Artery Bypass
Figure 11. Cardiac Ablation
Figure 12. Ventricular Septal Defect
Figure 13. Atrial Septal Defect
Figure 14. Other
Figure 15. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Report Years Considered
Figure 16. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 17. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Figure 18. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 19. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2021 Versus 2028
Figure 20. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure 21. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Figure 22. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 23. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 24. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 25. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 26. Asia-Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 27. Asia-Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 28. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 29. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. Middle East & Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales YoY (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 31. Middle East & Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 32. The Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Share of Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers Around the World in 2021
Figure 33. The Top 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers of Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments in the World: Market Share by Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue in 2021
Figure 34. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2017 VS 2021
Figure 35. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 36. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 37. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 38. Global Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 39. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 40. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 41. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 42. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 43. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 44. North America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 45. U.S. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Canada Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 48. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 49. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 50. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 51. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 52. Europe Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 53. Germany Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 54. France Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 55. U.K. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 56. Italy Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. Russia Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 59. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 60. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 61. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 62. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 63. Asia Pacific Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 64. China Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 65. Japan Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 66. South Korea Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 67. India Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. Australia Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. China Taiwan Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. Indonesia Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. Thailand Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. Malaysia Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 73. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 74. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 75. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 76. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 77. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 78. Latin America Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 79. Mexico Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 80. Brazil Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 81. Argentina Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 82. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 83. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 84. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 85. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 86. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Sales Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 87. Middle East and Africa Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 88. Turkey Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 89. Saudi Arabia Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 90. UAE Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Revenue (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 91. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Value Chain
Figure 92. Cardiothoracic Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments Production Process
Figure 93. Channels of Distribution
Figure 94. Distributors Profiles
Figure 95. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 96. Data Triangulation
Figure 97. Key Executives Interviewed

SECONDARY RESEARCH
Secondary Research Information is collected from a number of publicly available as well as paid databases. Public sources involve publications by different associations and governments, annual reports and statements of companies, white papers and research publications by recognized industry experts and renowned academia etc. Paid data sources include third party authentic industry databases.

PRIMARY RESEARCH
Once data collection is done through secondary research, primary interviews are conducted with different stakeholders across the value chain like manufacturers, distributors, ingredient/input suppliers, end customers and other key opinion leaders of the industry. Primary research is used both to validate the data points obtained from secondary research and to fill in the data gaps after secondary research.

MARKET ENGINEERING
The market engineering phase involves analyzing the data collected, market breakdown and forecasting. Macroeconomic indicators and bottom-up and top-down approaches are used to arrive at a complete set of data points that give way to valuable qualitative and quantitative insights. Each data point is verified by the process of data triangulation to validate the numbers and arrive at close estimates.

EXPERT VALIDATION
The market engineered data is verified and validated by a number of experts, both in-house and external.

REPORT WRITING/ PRESENTATION
After the data is curated by the mentioned highly sophisticated process, the analysts begin to write the report. Garnering insights from data and forecasts, insights are drawn to visualize the entire ecosystem in a single report.