Global GNSS Simulators Market Insights And Forecast To 2028

1 Report Business Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Global GNSS Simulators Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.2.2 Hardware
1.2.3 Software
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global GNSS Simulators Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.3.2 Commercial
1.3.3 Military
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Global GNSS Simulators Market Perspective (2017-2028)
2.2 GNSS Simulators Growth Trends by Region
2.2.1 GNSS Simulators Market Size by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
2.2.2 GNSS Simulators Historic Market Size by Region (2017-2022)
2.2.3 GNSS Simulators Forecasted Market Size by Region (2023-2028)
2.3 GNSS Simulators Market Dynamics
2.3.1 GNSS Simulators Industry Trends
2.3.2 GNSS Simulators Market Drivers
2.3.3 GNSS Simulators Market Challenges
2.3.4 GNSS Simulators Market Restraints
3 Competition Landscape by Key Players
3.1 Global Top GNSS Simulators Players by Revenue
3.1.1 Global Top GNSS Simulators Players by Revenue (2017-2022)
3.1.2 Global GNSS Simulators Revenue Market Share by Players (2017-2022)
3.2 Global GNSS Simulators Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.3 Players Covered: Ranking by GNSS Simulators Revenue
3.4 Global GNSS Simulators Market Concentration Ratio
3.4.1 Global GNSS Simulators Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by GNSS Simulators Revenue in 2021
3.5 GNSS Simulators Key Players Head office and Area Served
3.6 Key Players GNSS Simulators Product Solution and Service
3.7 Date of Enter into GNSS Simulators Market
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 GNSS Simulators Breakdown Data by Type
4.1 Global GNSS Simulators Historic Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
4.2 Global GNSS Simulators Forecasted Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
5 GNSS Simulators Breakdown Data by Application
5.1 Global GNSS Simulators Historic Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
5.2 Global GNSS Simulators Forecasted Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
6 North America
6.1 North America GNSS Simulators Market Size (2017-2028)
6.2 North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type
6.2.1 North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
6.2.2 North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
6.2.3 North America GNSS Simulators Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
6.3 North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application
6.3.1 North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
6.3.2 North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
6.3.3 North America GNSS Simulators Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
6.4 North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country
6.4.1 North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2017-2022)
6.4.2 North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2023-2028)
6.4.3 U.S.
6.4.4 Canada
7 Europe
7.1 Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size (2017-2028)
7.2 Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type
7.2.1 Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
7.2.2 Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
7.2.3 Europe GNSS Simulators Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
7.3 Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application
7.3.1 Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
7.3.2 Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
7.3.3 Europe GNSS Simulators Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
7.4 Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country
7.4.1 Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2017-2022)
7.4.2 Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2023-2028)
7.4.3 Germany
7.4.4 France
7.4.5 U.K.
7.4.6 Italy
7.4.7 Russia
7.4.8 Nordic Countries
8 Asia-Pacific
8.1 Asia-Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size (2017-2028)
8.2 Asia-Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type
8.2.1 Asia-Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
8.2.2 Asia-Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
8.2.3 Asia-Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
8.3 Asia-Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application
8.3.1 Asia-Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
8.3.2 Asia-Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
8.3.3 Asia-Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
8.4 Asia-Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Region
8.4.1 Asia-Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Region (2017-2022)
8.4.2 Asia-Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Region (2023-2028)
8.4.3 China
8.4.4 Japan
8.4.5 South Korea
8.4.6 Southeast Asia
8.4.7 India
8.4.8 Australia
9 Latin America
9.1 Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size (2017-2028)
9.2 Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type
9.2.1 Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
9.2.2 Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
9.2.3 Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
9.3 Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application
9.3.1 Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
9.3.2 Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
9.3.3 Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
9.4 Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country
9.4.1 Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2017-2022)
9.4.2 Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2023-2028)
9.4.3 Mexico
9.4.4 Brazil
10 Middle East & Africa
10.1 Middle East & Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size (2017-2028)
10.2 Middle East & Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type
10.2.1 Middle East & Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
10.2.2 Middle East & Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
10.2.3 Middle East & Africa GNSS Simulators Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
10.3 Middle East & Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application
10.3.1 Middle East & Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
10.3.2 Middle East & Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
10.3.3 Middle East & Africa GNSS Simulators Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
10.4 Middle East & Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country
10.4.1 Middle East & Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2017-2022)
10.4.2 Middle East & Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2023-2028)
10.4.3 Turkey
10.4.4 Saudi Arabia
10.4.5 UAE
11 Key Players Profiles
11.1 CAE
11.1.1 CAE Company Details
11.1.2 CAE Business Overview
11.1.3 CAE GNSS Simulators Introduction
11.1.4 CAE Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
11.1.5 CAE Recent Developments
11.2 L-3 Communication
11.2.1 L-3 Communication Company Details
11.2.2 L-3 Communication Business Overview
11.2.3 L-3 Communication GNSS Simulators Introduction
11.2.4 L-3 Communication Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
11.2.5 L-3 Communication Recent Developments
11.3 FlightSafety
11.3.1 FlightSafety Company Details
11.3.2 FlightSafety Business Overview
11.3.3 FlightSafety GNSS Simulators Introduction
11.3.4 FlightSafety Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
11.3.5 FlightSafety Recent Developments
11.4 Boeing
11.4.1 Boeing Company Details
11.4.2 Boeing Business Overview
11.4.3 Boeing GNSS Simulators Introduction
11.4.4 Boeing Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
11.4.5 Boeing Recent Developments
11.5 Thales
11.5.1 Thales Company Details
11.5.2 Thales Business Overview
11.5.3 Thales GNSS Simulators Introduction
11.5.4 Thales Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
11.5.5 Thales Recent Developments
11.6 FAAC
11.6.1 FAAC Company Details
11.6.2 FAAC Business Overview
11.6.3 FAAC GNSS Simulators Introduction
11.6.4 FAAC Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
11.6.5 FAAC Recent Developments
11.7 ECA
11.7.1 ECA Company Details
11.7.2 ECA Business Overview
11.7.3 ECA GNSS Simulators Introduction
11.7.4 ECA Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
11.7.5 ECA Recent Developments
11.8 Lockheed Martin
11.8.1 Lockheed Martin Company Details
11.8.2 Lockheed Martin Business Overview
11.8.3 Lockheed Martin GNSS Simulators Introduction
11.8.4 Lockheed Martin Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
11.8.5 Lockheed Martin Recent Developments
12 Analyst's Viewpoints/Conclusions
13 Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.2 Data Source
13.2 Author Details
13.3 Disclaimer

List of Tables
Table 1. Global GNSS Simulators Market Size Growth Rate by Type (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Table 2. Key Players of Hardware
Table 3. Key Players of Software
Table 4. Global GNSS Simulators Market Size Growth Rate by Application (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Table 5. Global GNSS Simulators Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Table 6. Global GNSS Simulators Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global GNSS Simulators Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 8. Global GNSS Simulators Forecasted Market Size by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 9. Global GNSS Simulators Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Table 10. GNSS Simulators Market Trends
Table 11. GNSS Simulators Market Drivers
Table 12. GNSS Simulators Market Challenges
Table 13. GNSS Simulators Market Restraints
Table 14. Global GNSS Simulators Revenue by Players (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 15. Global GNSS Simulators Revenue Share by Players (2017-2022)
Table 16. Global Top GNSS Simulators by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in GNSS Simulators as of 2021)
Table 17. Ranking of Global Top GNSS Simulators Companies by Revenue (US$ Million) in 2021
Table 18. Global 5 Largest Players Market Share by GNSS Simulators Revenue (CR5 and HHI) & (2017-2022)
Table 19. Key Players Headquarters and Area Served
Table 20. Key Players GNSS Simulators Product Solution and Service
Table 21. Date of Enter into GNSS Simulators Market
Table 22. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 23. Global GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 24. Global GNSS Simulators Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 25. Global GNSS Simulators Forecasted Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 26. Global GNSS Simulators Revenue Market Share by Type (2023-2028)
Table 27. Global GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global GNSS Simulators Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 29. Global GNSS Simulators Forecasted Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 30. Global GNSS Simulators Revenue Share by Application (2023-2028)
Table 31. North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 32. North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 33. North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. North America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 37. Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 38. Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 39. Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 40. Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 41. Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 42. Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 43. Asia Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 44. Asia Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 45. Asia Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 47. Asia Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 48. Asia Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 49. Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 50. Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 51. Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 52. Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 53. Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 54. Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 55. Middle East and Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 56. Middle East and Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 57. Middle East and Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 58. Middle East and Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 59. Middle East and Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 60. Middle East and Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 61. CAE Company Details
Table 62. CAE Business Overview
Table 63. CAE GNSS Simulators Product
Table 64. CAE Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 65. CAE Recent Developments
Table 66. L-3 Communication Company Details
Table 67. L-3 Communication Business Overview
Table 68. L-3 Communication GNSS Simulators Product
Table 69. L-3 Communication Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 70. L-3 Communication Recent Developments
Table 71. FlightSafety Company Details
Table 72. FlightSafety Business Overview
Table 73. FlightSafety GNSS Simulators Product
Table 74. FlightSafety Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 75. FlightSafety Recent Developments
Table 76. Boeing Company Details
Table 77. Boeing Business Overview
Table 78. Boeing GNSS Simulators Product
Table 79. Boeing Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 80. Boeing Recent Developments
Table 81. Thales Company Details
Table 82. Thales Business Overview
Table 83. Thales GNSS Simulators Product
Table 84. Thales Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 85. Thales Recent Developments
Table 86. FAAC Company Details
Table 87. FAAC Business Overview
Table 88. FAAC GNSS Simulators Product
Table 89. FAAC Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 90. FAAC Recent Developments
Table 91. ECA Company Details
Table 92. ECA Business Overview
Table 93. ECA GNSS Simulators Product
Table 94. ECA Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 95. ECA Recent Developments
Table 96. Lockheed Martin Company Details
Table 97. Lockheed Martin Business Overview
Table 98. Lockheed Martin GNSS Simulators Product
Table 99. Lockheed Martin Revenue in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 100. Lockheed Martin Recent Developments
Table 101. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 102. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 103. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Global GNSS Simulators Market Share by Type: 2021 VS 2028
Figure 2. Hardware Features
Figure 3. Software Features
Figure 4. Global GNSS Simulators Market Share by Application: 2021 VS 2028
Figure 5. Commercial Case Studies
Figure 6. Military Case Studies
Figure 7. GNSS Simulators Report Years Considered
Figure 8. Global GNSS Simulators Market Size (US$ Million), Year-over-Year: 2017-2028
Figure 9. Global GNSS Simulators Market Size, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Figure 10. Global GNSS Simulators Market Share by Region: 2021 VS 2028
Figure 11. Global GNSS Simulators Market Share by Players in 2021
Figure 12. Global Top GNSS Simulators Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in GNSS Simulators as of 2021)
Figure 13. The Top 10 and 5 Players Market Share by GNSS Simulators Revenue in 2021
Figure 14. North America GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 15. North America GNSS Simulators Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 16. North America GNSS Simulators Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 17. North America GNSS Simulators Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 18. United States GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 19. Canada GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 20. Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 21. Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 22. Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 23. Europe GNSS Simulators Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 24. Germany GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 25. France GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 26. U.K. GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 27. Italy GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 28. Russia GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 29. Nordic Countries GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. Asia-Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 31. Asia Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 32. Asia Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 33. Asia Pacific GNSS Simulators Market Size Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 34. China GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 35. Japan GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. South Korea GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 37. Southeast Asia GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. India GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. Australia GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
List of Figures
Figure 40. Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 42. Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 43. Latin America GNSS Simulators Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 44. Mexico GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 45. Brazil GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Middle East & Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Middle East and Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 48. Middle East and Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 49. Middle East and Africa GNSS Simulators Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 50. Turkey GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. Saudi Arabia GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 52. UAE GNSS Simulators Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 53. CAE Revenue Growth Rate in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
Figure 54. L-3 Communication Revenue Growth Rate in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
Figure 55. FlightSafety Revenue Growth Rate in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
Figure 56. Boeing Revenue Growth Rate in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
Figure 57. Thales Revenue Growth Rate in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
Figure 58. FAAC Revenue Growth Rate in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
Figure 59. ECA Revenue Growth Rate in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
Figure 60. Lockheed Martin Revenue Growth Rate in GNSS Simulators Business (2017-2022)
Figure 61. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 62. Data Triangulation
Figure 63. Key Executives Interviewed

SECONDARY RESEARCH
Secondary Research Information is collected from a number of publicly available as well as paid databases. Public sources involve publications by different associations and governments, annual reports and statements of companies, white papers and research publications by recognized industry experts and renowned academia etc. Paid data sources include third party authentic industry databases.

PRIMARY RESEARCH
Once data collection is done through secondary research, primary interviews are conducted with different stakeholders across the value chain like manufacturers, distributors, ingredient/input suppliers, end customers and other key opinion leaders of the industry. Primary research is used both to validate the data points obtained from secondary research and to fill in the data gaps after secondary research.

MARKET ENGINEERING
The market engineering phase involves analyzing the data collected, market breakdown and forecasting. Macroeconomic indicators and bottom-up and top-down approaches are used to arrive at a complete set of data points that give way to valuable qualitative and quantitative insights. Each data point is verified by the process of data triangulation to validate the numbers and arrive at close estimates.

EXPERT VALIDATION
The market engineered data is verified and validated by a number of experts, both in-house and external.

REPORT WRITING/ PRESENTATION
After the data is curated by the mentioned highly sophisticated process, the analysts begin to write the report. Garnering insights from data and forecasts, insights are drawn to visualize the entire ecosystem in a single report.