Global Subsea Check Valves Market Research Report 2021

1 Subsea Check Valves Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Subsea Check Valves
1.2 Subsea Check Valves Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Subsea Check Valves Market Size Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2021 VS 2027
1.2.2 Stainless Steel
1.2.3 Nickel Alloys
1.3 Subsea Check Valves Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.3.2 Oil Industry
1.3.3 Gas Industry
1.3.4 Others
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.4.2 Global Subsea Check Valves Production Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5 Global Subsea Check Valves Market by Region
1.5.1 Global Subsea Check Valves Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.5.2 North America Subsea Check Valves Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.3 Europe Subsea Check Valves Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.5 China Subsea Check Valves Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.5 Japan Subsea Check Valves Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)

2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Subsea Check Valves Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.2 Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.3 Subsea Check Valves Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.4 Global Subsea Check Valves Average Price by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.5 Manufacturers Subsea Check Valves Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types
2.6 Subsea Check Valves Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.6.1 Subsea Check Valves Market Concentration Rate
2.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Subsea Check Valves Players Market Share by Revenue
2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Production and Capacity by Region
3.1 Global Production of Subsea Check Valves Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.2 Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.3 Global Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.4 North America Subsea Check Valves Production
3.4.1 North America Subsea Check Valves Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.4.2 North America Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.5 Europe Subsea Check Valves Production
3.5.1 Europe Subsea Check Valves Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.5.2 Europe Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.6 China Subsea Check Valves Production
3.6.1 China Subsea Check Valves Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.6.2 China Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.7 Japan Subsea Check Valves Production
3.7.1 Japan Subsea Check Valves Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.7.2 Japan Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)

4 Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption by Region
4.1.1 Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption by Region
4.1.2 Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Market Share by Region
4.2 North America
4.2.1 North America Subsea Check Valves Consumption by Country
4.2.2 U.S.
4.2.3 Canada
4.3 Europe
4.3.1 Europe Subsea Check Valves Consumption by Country
4.3.2 Germany
4.3.3 France
4.3.4 U.K.
4.3.5 Italy
4.3.6 Russia
4.4 Asia Pacific
4.4.1 Asia Pacific Subsea Check Valves Consumption by Region
4.4.2 China
4.4.3 Japan
4.4.4 South Korea
4.4.5 Taiwan
4.4.6 Southeast Asia
4.4.7 India
4.4.8 Australia
4.5 Latin America
4.5.1 Latin America Subsea Check Valves Consumption by Country
4.5.2 Mexico
4.5.3 Brazil

5 Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type
5.1 Global Subsea Check Valves Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.2 Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.3 Global Subsea Check Valves Price by Type (2016-2021)

6 Consumption Analysis by Application
6.1 Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
6.2 Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)

7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Oliver Valves
7.1.1 Oliver Valves Subsea Check Valves Corporation Information
7.1.2 Oliver Valves Subsea Check Valves Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Oliver Valves Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.1.4 Oliver Valves Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Oliver Valves Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 FITOK Group
7.2.1 FITOK Group Subsea Check Valves Corporation Information
7.2.2 FITOK Group Subsea Check Valves Product Portfolio
7.2.3 FITOK Group Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.2.4 FITOK Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 FITOK Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 BEL Valves
7.3.1 BEL Valves Subsea Check Valves Corporation Information
7.3.2 BEL Valves Subsea Check Valves Product Portfolio
7.3.3 BEL Valves Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.3.4 BEL Valves Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 BEL Valves Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Norvalves
7.4.1 Norvalves Subsea Check Valves Corporation Information
7.4.2 Norvalves Subsea Check Valves Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Norvalves Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.4.4 Norvalves Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 Norvalves Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 Alco Valves
7.5.1 Alco Valves Subsea Check Valves Corporation Information
7.5.2 Alco Valves Subsea Check Valves Product Portfolio
7.5.3 Alco Valves Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.5.4 Alco Valves Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 Alco Valves Recent Developments/Updates
7.6 Advanced Technology Valve
7.6.1 Advanced Technology Valve Subsea Check Valves Corporation Information
7.6.2 Advanced Technology Valve Subsea Check Valves Product Portfolio
7.6.3 Advanced Technology Valve Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.6.4 Advanced Technology Valve Main Business and Markets Served
7.6.5 Advanced Technology Valve Recent Developments/Updates

8 Subsea Check Valves Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 Subsea Check Valves Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Subsea Check Valves
8.4 Subsea Check Valves Industrial Chain Analysis

9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.2 Subsea Check Valves Distributors List
9.3 Subsea Check Valves Customers

10 Market Dynamics
10.1 Subsea Check Valves Industry Trends
10.2 Subsea Check Valves Growth Drivers
10.3 Subsea Check Valves Market Challenges
10.4 Subsea Check Valves Market Restraints

11 Production and Supply Forecast
11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Subsea Check Valves by Region (2022-2027)
11.2 North America Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.3 Europe Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.4 China Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.5 Japan Subsea Check Valves Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)

12 Consumption and Demand Forecast
12.1 Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Subsea Check Valves
12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Subsea Check Valves by Country
12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Subsea Check Valves by Country
12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Subsea Check Valves by Region
12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Subsea Check Valves by Country
13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2022-2027)
13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Subsea Check Valves by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Subsea Check Valves by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Subsea Check Valves by Type (2022-2027)
13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Subsea Check Valves by Application (2022-2027)
14 Research Finding and Conclusion

15 Methodology and Data Source
15.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.1 Research Programs/Design
15.1.2 Market Size Estimation
15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.2 Data Source
15.2.1 Secondary Sources
15.2.2 Primary Sources
15.3 Author List
15.4 Disclaimer

List of Tables
Table 1. Global Subsea Check Valves Market Size by Type (K Units) & (US$ Million) (2021 VS 2027)
Table 2. Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 3. Subsea Check Valves Market Size Comparison by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 4. Global Subsea Check Valves Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers
Table 5. Global Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 6. Global Subsea Check Valves Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 7. Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue (US$ Million) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 8. Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Subsea Check Valves as of 2020)
Table 10. Global Market Subsea Check Valves Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 11. Manufacturers Subsea Check Valves Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Subsea Check Valves Product Types
Table 13. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 14. Global Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 15. Global Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 16. Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 17. Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 18. Global Subsea Check Valves Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 19. North America Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 20. Europe Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 21. China Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 22. Japan Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 23. Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Market by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 24. Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 25. North America Subsea Check Valves Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 26. Europe Subsea Check Valves Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 27. Asia Pacific Subsea Check Valves Consumption by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 28. Latin America Subsea Check Valves Consumption by Countries (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 30. Global Subsea Check Valves Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 31. Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 32. Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 33. Global Subsea Check Valves Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 34. Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 35. Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 36. Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Table 37. Oliver Valves Subsea Check Valves Corporation Information
Table 38. Oliver Valves Specification and Application
Table 39. Oliver Valves Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 40. Oliver Valves Main Business and Markets Served
Table 41. Oliver Valves Recent Developments/Updates
Table 42. FITOK Group Subsea Check Valves Corporation Information
Table 43. FITOK Group Specification and Application
Table 44. FITOK Group Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 45. FITOK Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 46. FITOK Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 47. BEL Valves Subsea Check Valves Corporation Information
Table 48. BEL Valves Specification and Application
Table 49. BEL Valves Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 50. BEL Valves Main Business and Markets Served
Table 51. BEL Valves Recent Developments/Updates
Table 52. Norvalves Subsea Check Valves Corporation Information
Table 53. Norvalves Specification and Application
Table 54. Norvalves Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 55. Norvalves Main Business and Markets Served
Table 56. Norvalves Recent Developments/Updates
Table 57. Alco Valves Subsea Check Valves Corporation Information
Table 58. Alco Valves Specification and Application
Table 59. Alco Valves Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 60. Alco Valves Main Business and Markets Served
Table 61. Alco Valves Recent Developments/Updates
Table 62. Advanced Technology Valve Subsea Check Valves Corporation Information
Table 63. Advanced Technology Valve Specification and Application
Table 64. Advanced Technology Valve Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 65. Advanced Technology Valve Main Business and Markets Served
Table 66. Advanced Technology Valve Recent Developments/Updates
Table 67. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Table 68. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 69. Subsea Check Valves Distributors List
Table 70. Subsea Check Valves Customers List
Table 71. Subsea Check Valves Market Trends
Table 72. Subsea Check Valves Growth Drivers
Table 73. Subsea Check Valves Market Challenges
Table 74. Subsea Check Valves Market Restraints
Table 75. Global Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table 76. North America Subsea Check Valves Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 77. Europe Subsea Check Valves Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 78. Asia Pacific Subsea Check Valves Consumption Forecast by Region (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 79. Latin America Subsea Check Valves Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 80. Global Subsea Check Valves Production Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 81. Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million)
Table 82. Global Subsea Check Valves Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (USD/Unit)
Table 83. Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption (K Units) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table 84. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 85. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 86. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Subsea Check Valves
Figure 2. Global Subsea Check Valves Market Share by Type: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 3. Stainless Steel Product Picture
Figure 4. Nickel Alloys Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Subsea Check Valves Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 6. Oil Industry
Figure 7. Gas Industry
Figure 8. Others
Figure 9. Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue (US$ Million), 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Figure 10. Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue (US$ Million) (2016-2027)
Figure 11. Global Subsea Check Valves Production Capacity (K Units) & (2016-2027)
Figure 12. Global Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) & (2016-2027)
Figure 13. North America Subsea Check Valves Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 14. Europe Subsea Check Valves Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 15. China Subsea Check Valves Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 16. Japan Subsea Check Valves Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 17. Subsea Check Valves Production Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 18. Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 19. Subsea Check Valves Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2016 VS 2020
Figure 20. Global Market Subsea Check Valves Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 21. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Subsea Check Valves Revenue in 2020
Figure 22. Global Subsea Check Valves Production Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 23. North America Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 24. Europe Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 25. China Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 26. Japan Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 27. Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 28. Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 29. North America Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 30. North America Subsea Check Valves Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 31. Canada Subsea Check Valves Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 32. U.S. Subsea Check Valves Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 33. Europe Subsea Check Valves Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 34. Europe Subsea Check Valves Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 35. Germany America Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 36. France Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 37. U.K. Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 38. Italy Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 39. Russia Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 40. Asia Pacific Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 41. Asia Pacific Subsea Check Valves Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure 42. China Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 43. Japan Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 44. South Korea Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 45. Taiwan Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 46. Southeast Asia Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 47. India Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 48. Australia Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 49. Latin America Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 50. Latin America Subsea Check Valves Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 51. Mexico Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Brazil Subsea Check Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 53. Production Market Share of Subsea Check Valves by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 54. Production Market Share of Subsea Check Valves by Type in 2020
Figure 55. Revenue Share of Subsea Check Valves by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 56. Revenue Market Share of Subsea Check Valves by Type in 2020
Figure 57. Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 58. Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 59. Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 60. Key Raw Materials Price Trend
Figure 61. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Subsea Check Valves
Figure 62. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Subsea Check Valves
Figure 63. Subsea Check Valves Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure 64. Channels of Distribution
Figure 65. Distributors Profiles
Figure 66. Global Subsea Check Valves Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Figure 67. North America Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 68. Europe Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 69. China Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 70. Japan Subsea Check Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 71. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Subsea Check Valves (2015-2027) & (K Units)
Figure 72. Global Subsea Check Valves Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 73. Global Subsea Check Valves Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 74. Global Subsea Check Valves Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Figure 75. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 76. Data Triangulation

SECONDARY RESEARCH
Secondary Research Information is collected from a number of publicly available as well as paid databases. Public sources involve publications by different associations and governments, annual reports and statements of companies, white papers and research publications by recognized industry experts and renowned academia etc. Paid data sources include third party authentic industry databases.

PRIMARY RESEARCH
Once data collection is done through secondary research, primary interviews are conducted with different stakeholders across the value chain like manufacturers, distributors, ingredient/input suppliers, end customers and other key opinion leaders of the industry. Primary research is used both to validate the data points obtained from secondary research and to fill in the data gaps after secondary research.

MARKET ENGINEERING
The market engineering phase involves analyzing the data collected, market breakdown and forecasting. Macroeconomic indicators and bottom-up and top-down approaches are used to arrive at a complete set of data points that give way to valuable qualitative and quantitative insights. Each data point is verified by the process of data triangulation to validate the numbers and arrive at close estimates.

EXPERT VALIDATION
The market engineered data is verified and validated by a number of experts, both in-house and external.

REPORT WRITING/ PRESENTATION
After the data is curated by the mentioned highly sophisticated process, the analysts begin to write the report. Garnering insights from data and forecasts, insights are drawn to visualize the entire ecosystem in a single report.